EAHORA eBike Components: 2025 Model Wiring Diagram & Technical Guide

Hello Eahora Riders!

Welcome to the future of urban mobility! At Eahora, we blend cutting-edge engineering with rider-centric design to deliver eBikes that redefine convenience and performance. Whether commuting through city streets or exploring off-road trails, understanding your ebike’s components ensures a smoother, safer, and more enjoyable ride. Let’s dive into the heart of your machine.

Before diving into each system, familiarize yourself with the eBike's core components through this visual guide. This diagram highlights the key parts we'll explore in detail, from the drivetrain to the electrical architecture.

1. Drivetrain System: Precision in Motion

• Shifter: A handlebar-mounted device that adjusts shift cable tension to move the chain between chainrings (front gears) and cassette cogs (rear gears).
• Twist Throttle: Controls motor output power via grip rotation, functioning like a motorcycle’s throttle for instant acceleration.
• Chainring: The toothed disc connected to the crank arms, transferring pedal power to the chain.
• Cassette: A cluster of rear cogs offering multiple gear ratios for speed or climbing efficiency.
• Derailleurs (Front & Rear): Adjust the chain’s position on chainrings or cassettes to change gear ratios, thereby altering the bike’s speed.
• Shift Cable: Links the shifter to the rear derailleur, transmitting gear-changing commands. Its tension and smoothness directly impact shifting precision and feel.
  
• Chain: Connects the chainring and cassette, transferring power from the chainring to the cassette to drive the rear wheel—an essential component for power transmission.
  
• Crank Arm: Connects to the bottom bracket axle on one end and the chainring on the other. Pedaling the crank arms converts human effort into rotational power, driving the chainring and propelling the vehicle.

How It Works

1. Power Input

• Human-Powered: Pedaling rotates the chainring, transmitting force through the chain to the cassette and rear wheel.
• Electric-Powered: The twist throttle or pedal-assist sensor activates the hub motor, which drives the wheel directly or supplements pedaling effort.

2. Gear Adjustment

The shifter moves the chain between chainrings (for major gear changes) and cassette cogs (for fine adjustments). Larger chainrings paired with smaller cogs maximize speed, while smaller chainrings combined with larger cogs boost climbing power.

3. Power Transmission

The chain maintains tension between the chainring and cassette, ensuring efficient power transfer without slippage.

Operation Logic

• Pure Electric Mode: Twist the throttle to engage the motor alone, bypassing pedaling.
• Pedal-Assist Mode: The motor supplements your pedaling while maintaining mechanical engagement through the chainring and cassette.
• Shifting Strategy: Optimize gear ratios in real time—lower gears for hills, higher gears for flat terrain.

2. Braking System: Controlled Stopping Power

• Rear Brake Lever (Right): Activates the rear brake via cable/hydraulic pressure, ideal for gradual deceleration.
• Front Brake Lever (Left): Delivers stronger stopping force for rapid halts (use carefully to avoid front-wheel skid).
• Brake Fluid: Used in hydraulic braking systems. When the brake lever is squeezed, pressurized fluid transfers force to the caliper, pushing brake pads to clamp the disc rotor and achieve braking.
  
• Disc Rotor: A stainless steel disc mounted on the wheel hub, clamped by brake pads to generate friction.
• Brake Pads: Heat-resistant friction material that grips the rotor during braking.
• Hydraulic Rear Brake: A rear braking system using hydraulic pressure via brake fluid, offering consistent stopping power, even force distribution, and a comfortable lever feel, reliably braking the rear wheel.
  

How It Works

1. Mechanical Brakes

Pulling the lever tensions the brake cable, forcing pads to clamp the rotor.

2. Hydraulic Brakes

Lever pressure compresses brake fluid, transmitting force through sealed lines to the caliper, which squeezes pads onto the rotor with precision.

3. Safety Interlock

Braking triggers a motor cut-off switch, instantly disabling power delivery to prevent acceleration conflicts.

Operation Logic

• Braking force transfers from the lever through either a cable (mechanical) or hydraulic fluid to the caliper, which presses the pads against the rotor. This friction converts kinetic energy into heat, slowing the bike.
• Hydraulic systems with DOT fluid respond 30% faster than mechanical brakes, making them ideal for high-speed eBikes, while mechanical systems remain easier to maintain for casual riders.

3. Suspension System: Smoothing the Ride

Front Suspension:

• Air Fork: Uses adjustable air pressure to absorb impacts; lightweight and tunable.
• Coil-Spring Fork: Relies on metal springs and oil damping for heavy-duty shock absorption.
• Stanchion Tube: The inner sliding surface governing fork smoothness.
• Fork Lower: Houses damping mechanisms and connects to the wheel.

Rear Suspension:

• Rear Shock Absorber: Installed between the frame and rear wheel, cushioning impacts to reduce turbulence, improve comfort and control, and maintain rear-wheel contact with the ground for better traction.
• Oil-Damped Fork: A type of front fork using oil damping to control compression/rebound speed, filtering road vibrations to provide a smoother ride, especially on rough terrain.

How It Works

1. Impact Absorption

Air Fork: Compressed air cushions bumps while damping oil controls rebound speed.

Coil-Spring Fork: Metal springs handle large impacts, with oil regulating spring oscillation.

The rear shock absorber connects the frame to the rear swingarm, compressing when the wheel hits bumps. Internal springs and damping oil absorb energy to reduce vibrations reaching the frame and rider.

Oil-damped forks use damping holes to regulate oil flow, controlling fork movement to prevent excessive wheel bounce.

2. Structural Synergy

Seals between the stanchion tube and fork lower prevent contamination while enabling smooth sliding.

Operation Logic

When the rear wheel hits an obstacle, the shock absorber compresses, storing energy in the spring as the damping limits compression speed. Similarly, the front fork compresses on impact to absorb energy. As the rear wheel returns to flat ground, the spring releases energy, with the damping controlling rebound for traction and comfort. Post-impact, the front fork's controlled rebound stops bouncing, maintaining tire contact for stability, both working together for a smooth ride.

4. Electrical System: Intelligence at Work

Understanding your eBike's electrical flow is crucial for diagnostics. As shown in the single-motor wiring schematic, the wiring complexity increases strategically for advanced riders opting for dual-motor configurations.

Single-Motor e-bike	Dual-Motor e-bike

• Display: Displays speed, battery level, and assist modes.
• Headlight: Mounted at the front, illuminating the road in low-light conditions to enhance safety by improving visibility for the rider and alerting others to the bike’s presence.
  
• Taillight: Mounted at the rear, signaling the bike’s position and movement to vehicles and pedestrians behind, often brightening during braking to warn of deceleration.
  
• Battery Pack: Lithium-ion cells store energy for the motor and accessories.
• Hub Motor: Front/rear wheel-integrated motor delivering silent propulsion.

How It Works

1. Energy Flow

At the heart of the electrical system lies the controller, which acts as the brain coordinating power flow. Refer to Fig. 2 to visualize how energy moves from the battery through the controller to the motor.

2. Human-Machine Interface

The cycle computer lets riders toggle modes, while lights ensure visibility.

3. Motor Type

Hub motors (front/rear) are integrated into the wheel hub, using electromagnetic induction to rotate the rotor, compact and chain-free.

Operation Logic

Power travels from the battery to the controller, then to the motor, with real-time adjustments responding to rider input and terrain changes.

5. Wheel Components

• Rim: A critical wheel component for tire mounting, bearing vehicle and rider weight, and distributing forces evenly with spokes. Material and design affect wheel strength, weight, and performance.
• Spoke: Connects the rim to the hub, supporting the rim and transmitting forces. Adjusting spoke tension ensures rim flatness and wheel stability, key to maintaining wheel shape.
• Tire: Contacts the ground to provide traction and cushioning, reducing vibrations from rough roads. Different tire types suit various terrains (e.g., road tires, mountain tires).
• Reflector: Mounted on the rim or tire, reflecting light to increase visibility in low-light conditions, enhancing safety for other road users.

How It Works

1. Structural Support

Spokes radiate from the hub to the rim, distributing loads via tension to keep the rim stable; the rim provides a base for tire mounting, handling radial and lateral forces during riding.

2. Contact & Safety

The tire’s rubber tread grips the road and absorbs shocks, with air pressure (or solid construction) supporting weight; reflectors enhance visibility by bouncing light.

Operation Logic

As the wheel rotates, spoke tension maintains rim rigidity, while tire deformation absorbs minor vibrations, working with the suspension to reduce impact. During braking, the disc rotor (attached to the rim) is clamped by brake pads to slow the wheel.

6. Frame & Controls: Designed for Comfort

• Saddle: Ergonomically shaped to reduce pressure during long rides.
• Pedal: A key component for a human-powered drive, where riders apply force to rotate the crank arms and chainring. Material, shape, and tread impact pedaling comfort and stability.
• Kickstand: Supports the bike in an upright position when parked, preventing tipping—available in single or double-legged designs for convenience.
  
• Headset: Bearings enabling smooth steering via handlebar inputs.
• Fenders: Block road spray; kickstand provides stable parking.
• Stem: Connects the handlebar to the headset, supporting the bar and transmitting steering force to the fork, allowing riders to control direction by moving the handlebar.
  
• Top Cap & Lower Headset Cover: The top cap sits at the stem’s top, protecting the headset and enhancing aesthetics; the lower cover shields the headset from dust and moisture, ensuring smooth bearing rotation.

How It Works

1. Human-Machine Interaction

The saddle and pedals provide support and power transfer, while the stem and headset enable steering: bearings in the headset allow the fork to pivot, with the stem linking the handlebar to the fork.

2. Functional Design

Fenders block debris, the kickstand aids parking, and covers protect the headset from environmental damage.

Operation Logic

The headset’s bearings allow low-friction steering, while the stem transfers handlebar movements to the fork. Fenders and kickstands enhance practicality without compromising performance. Saddle/pedal positioning affects riding posture and efficiency, while the kickstand ensures stable parking.

Why This Matters

Each component of your Eahora eBike—from the derailleur’s millimeter-precise shifts to the hydraulic brake’s split-second response—is engineered to create a seamless, intuitive riding experience. 

Maintenance Tips: Regular maintenance is key to keeping your Eahora eBike performing at its best. Check the chain for wear and lubricate it regularly to ensure smooth power transfer in the drivetrain. Inspect the brake pads for wear and replace them when necessary to maintain optimal braking performance. Keep an eye on the air pressure in the tires and the oil levels in the suspension components, if applicable. As mentioned before, regularly check the electrical connections to avoid any unexpected issues. By taking care of these components, you'll enjoy many more worry-free rides on your e-bike.

Master Your Machine

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